Whew. Whaddya mean stress and sleep deprivation?!
Article from: CNN
We tapped the nation's leading experts for the unexpected reasons why
so many of us overdo it -- so you can break the cycle and prevent an
unwanted pile-on of pounds.
- You're not getting enough sleep
Missing out on your
zzz's not only puts you in a mental fog, it also triggers a
constellation of actual metabolic changes that may lead to weight gain.
A lack of shut-eye harms your waistline because it affects two
important hormones that control appetite and satiety--leptin and
ghrelin--says Kristen L. Knutson, Ph.D., a research associate
specializing in sleep and health at the University of Chicago's
Department of Medicine. Health.com: Potential side effects of sleeping pills
According to a study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine,
people who slept only four hours a night for two nights had an 18
percent decrease in leptin (a hormone that signals the brain that the
body has had enough to eat) and a 28 percent increase in ghrelin (a
hormone that triggers hunger), compared with those who got more rest.
The result: Sleep-deprived study volunteers reported a 24 percent boost
in appetite. Short sleep can also impair glucose metabolism and over
time set the stage for type 2 diabetes, Knutson notes.
When we're exhausted, we hunger for just about everything in sight,
especially if it's sugary or high in carbs. That may be because these
foods give us both an energy boost and comfort (since lack of sleep is
a stressor), Knutson says. To quell the urge for fattening foods and
still get the energy kick you need, reach for a combination of complex
carbs and protein.
"If you're feeling tired, you want carbs. But
go for high-fiber carbs for long-lasting energy," says Keri Gans, R.D.,
a spokeswoman for the American Dietetic Association (ADA). "Fiber burns
slower than simple sugars, and adding in some protein keeps you
satisfied longer."
At breakfast, have whole-wheat toast with egg
whites or a high-fiber cereal with fruit and a yogurt. And for a
food-free way to perk up during the day, take a 10-minute walk outside.
You also can prevent uncontrollable cravings in the first place by
prioritizing a good night's sleep -- get seven to nine hours a night in
a slumber-friendly bedroom (one that's as dark and quiet as possible
and reserved for shut-eye and sex only).
A final tip: If you're plagued by sleep problems, ask your doctor for a referral to a sleep specialist. Health.com: Ways to eliminate bedroom distractions and get sleep
- You're sabotaged by stress
Constant stress causes your body to pump out high doses of hormones,
like cortisol, that over time can boost your appetite and lead you to
overeat. "Cortisol and insulin shift our preferences toward comfort
foods--high-fat, high-sugar, or high-salt foods," says Elissa Epel,
Ph.D., an associate professor at the University of California, San
Francisco (UCSF), Department of Psychiatry and a leader of the UCSF
Center on Obesity Assessment, Study, and Treatment. Health.com: Feeling stressed? Why you may feel it in your gut
Fat cells also produce cortisol, so if you're overweight and stressed,
you're getting a double-whammy in terms of exposure. Overweight women
gained weight when faced with common stressors such as job demands,
having a tough time paying bills, and family-relationship strains,
according to a study published in the American Journal of Epidemiology.
Cortisol, together with insulin, also causes your body to store more
visceral fat, which is a risk factor for heart attack and stroke, Epel
notes. What's more, stress makes it harder to stick with a healthy
eating plan. "It's a reason why people go off diets," notes Marci
Gluck, Ph.D., a clinical research psychologist at the Obesity and
Diabetes Clinical Research Section of the National Institutes of Health
in Phoenix, Arizona. Folks who normally restrict their eating, tend to
overeat in response to stress.
Sure, real-life pressures can put you in nonstop-nibble mode. But
working stress-reduction techniques into your busy days can really
help. Yoga, meditation, and deep-breathing exercises are powerful tools
that keep tension in check. And spending 20 minutes doing progressive
muscle relaxation--alternately tensing and relaxing muscle
groups--significantly lessens stress, anxiety, and cortisol, according
to a study published in the International Journal of Obesity and
Related Metabolic Disorders. Health.com: How to grocery shop on a diet
Exercise will also do the trick. "Try dancing to your favorite tunes,
running in place, playing a sport, or taking a simple walk," says Elisa
Zied, R.D., an ADA spokeswoman and author of "Nutrition at Your
Fingertips." When you're feeling edgy, make a habit of turning to these
activities rather than diving into your candy stash. If you're feeling
completely overwhelmed by stress, talk to a counselor who specializes
in stress management.
You've got fatty foods (literally) on the brain
We're hardwired to hunger for fatty, sugary, salty foods because, back
when our ancestors were foraging for every meal, palatable eats meant
extra energy and a leg-up on survival, says Dr. David A. Kessler,
former commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and
author of "The End of Overeating: Taking Control of the Insatiable
American Appetite."
So it's not just a lack of willpower that's
tripping you up, but rather your outdated survival mode. In fact, when
you eat fat-rich foods, your brain not only gets a signal that your
body is satisfied but also forms long-term memories of the experience,
according to new research published in the Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences. What once helped early humans survive is now
giving us ever-expanding waistlines.
Adding to the challenge to
control overeating, the mere sight of food can cue up a craving.
"[Cravings] are based on past learning and memories as well as the
sight or smell of food, time of day, or location," Kessler says.
"You'll walk down the street and start thinking about chocolate-covered
pretzels because you've had them before on the same street."
Avoid eating your favorite treat
if you're in a particular mood, if it's a certain time of day, or if
you're in a specific place; this will prevent you from creating a
triggering link between those feelings or locations and that treat,
Kessler says. And since the smell and sight of fatty, sugary foods is
pure temptation, try to keep yourself from passing the bakery or ice
cream shop you can't resist.
Also, pay attention to what you're
thinking when temptation strikes. "Once the brain is activated [by a
craving], having that inner dialogue of, 'No, I shouldn't have that,'
only increases the wanting," Kessler notes. Instead, focus on something
you want more than that slice of cheesecake--from being healthier for
your kids to feeling less winded when you walk to work--to help
override the urge. Health.com: Surprising myths about excess weight
If logic is out the window, indulge in healthier versions of your
favorites such as low-fat frozen yogurt with almonds when you crave a
sundae or a calcium-rich glass of nonfat chocolate milk when you need a
chocolate fix.
- You Pigged Out -- Now What?
•
Forgive yourself. "Having one overindulgent meal should not derail you
from your healthful eating habits, while being too negative will make
you more likely to throw up your hands in despair and overindulge at
the next meal or several meals for days to come," Elisa Zied, R.D.,
says.
• Give yourself a do-over. Immediately start with lean
protein, veggies, whole grains, and fruit, and drink plenty of water,
Zied suggests.
• Learn from it. Think about what triggered your
overindulgence--not to punish yourself, but to choose smarter next
time. "If you keep a food journal, you might see you ended up pigging
out because you waited too long to eat," Keri Gans, R.D., says.
• Add on exercise. To feel in control again, simply tack on a few extra
minutes to your regular walk, gym routine, etc. At the same time, "try
not to think of exercise as a punishment for overindulging," Zied says.
If you do, you'll grow to dread the gym
Article from: CNN